Elsevier

Environment International

Review

Water pollution in Pakistan and its touch on on public health — A review

Abstract

Water pollution is one of the major threats to public health in Pakistan. Drinking water quality is poorly managed and monitored. Pakistan ranks at number 80 among 122 nations regarding drinking h2o quality. Drinking h2o sources, both surface and groundwater are contaminated with coliforms, toxic metals and pesticides throughout the country. Various drinking water quality parameters fix past WHO are frequently violated. Human activities similar improper disposal of municipal and industrial effluents and indiscriminate applications of agrochemicals in agriculture are the chief factors contributing to the deterioration of water quality. Microbial and chemical pollutants are the main factors responsible exclusively or in combination for various public wellness problems. This review discusses a detailed layout of drinking water quality in Islamic republic of pakistan with special emphasis on major pollutants, sources of pollution and the consequent wellness bug. The information presented in this review are extracted from various studies published in national and international journals. Also reports released past the government and non-governmental organizations are included.

Abbreviations

BOD

Biological oxygen demand

COD

Chemical oxygen demand

DDD

1,1-dichloro-2,ii-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethane

DDE

1,1-dichloro-ii,2-bis(p-chlorophenyl) ethylene

DDT

1,1,1-trichloro-2,2-bis-(p-chlorophenyl) ethane

EEC

European Economic Community

MAC

Maximum credence concentration

MCL

Maximum contaminant level

MNVD

Chief Nara Valley Drain

MOE-PAK

Ministry of Environment, Pakistan

NWFP

North Westward Frontier Province (former name of Khyber Phakhtoonkhwa Province)

NWQM

National Water Quality Monitoring

PAK-EPA

Pakistan Ecology Protection Bureau

PCRWR

Pakistan Council for Research in Water Resources

PEPO

Pakistan Environmental Protection Ordinance

TDS

Total dissolved solids

TSS

Total suspended solids

UNESCO

The United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization

UNICEF

The United nations International Children'south Fund

UNO

United nations Organisation

USEPA

United States Environmental Protection Agency

WHO

World Health Arrangement

WWF

World Broad Fund for Nature (World Wild animals Fund)

Keywords

Health touch on

Major pollutants

Pakistan

Water pollution

Sources of pollution

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